Watch for warning signs: secrecy, anxiety, relying on AI for emotional support, or AI crowding out sleep, school and friends. Ask gentle questions, then agree simple limits.
Keep social AI companion apps away from under-18s. Common Sense Media rates them an unacceptable risk and says they are designed to create emotional attachment and dependency.
Bans AI that exploits age-related vulnerabilities to distort behaviour and cause significant harm. New bans cover AI that makes child sexual abuse material or non-consensual sexual deepfakes ('nudifier' apps).
Where it standsAge-vulnerability ban applies since 2 Feb 2025; new bans apply from 2 Dec 2026.
AI systems that talk with people, such as chatbots, must tell users they are dealing with an AI unless it is obvious. Deepfakes must be clearly labelled.
Where it standsApplies from 2 Aug 2026. AI systems already on the market before then have until 2 Dec 2026 to mark AI-made content.
Digital Services Act: Guidelines on the protection of minors (Article 28)
Platforms used by children should set private accounts by default, switch off features like streaks and autoplay, use age assurance, and add safeguards to built-in AI chatbots.
Where it standsPublished 14 Jul 2025; the Commission uses them to check compliance.
Operators must stop chatbots exposing minors to sexual content, remind minors they are talking to AI, warn chatbots may not suit minors, and refer users with suicidal thoughts to crisis services.
Where it standsIn force since 1 Jan 2026.
Official textUnited States (California)Signed, not in force yet
SB 1119, Adam's Law
Adds age assurance, risk tests before release, parent-only default settings, crisis referrals, parent alerts on self-harm, and independent audits for companion chatbots used by children.
Where it standsSigned 10 Sep 2026; not yet in force.
AI companions must detect signs of suicidal thoughts or self-harm and refer users to crisis services, and remind users every three hours they are not human. Applies to all users, not only children.
Risky sites must use strong age checks and keep children from porn, self-harm, suicide and eating-disorder content. Feeds must not push harmful content to children.
Most of the chatbots that children use most are already covered. Some are not, because of the way they work, and the government says it will close this gap. It plans to keep under-18s from chatbots that mainly offer sexual content, and to make chatbots give under-18s breaks.
Where it standsGovernment response published Jul 2026; not law yet.